Kachin Sub-State Wunpawng Amyu Sha Labau

Shingdu Labau

Kachin Sub-State byin wa ai shingdu labau hpe bai nhtang gawn yu yang, (AD 1875-79) ning laman hta Nongmun Myutsa Hkun Hsang Hai hte shi a kahkri Hkun Hsang Ton Hong yan maga mi, Sawbwa Seng Naw Hpa hte shi a kasha Sao Naw Mong yan maga mi rai nna, Sam du shada da aya kashun hkat nna, majan baw ma ai. Shaloi (AD1878-79) ning hta Hkun Hsang Ton Hong hte Hkun Hsang Hai yan tsa gaw makau grup yin hta shanu nga ai Wunpawng bum du ni hpe roi gau saw, hpyen n gun hpyi nna, Wunpawng Sha ni mung n gun kaba hte sa gasat manga lawm ai majaw Hkun Hsang Ton Hong wa Sinli kaw npawt lu shangang la nna, Sawbwa byin tai wa sai.

Dai hpang Sawbwa Seng Naw Hpa hte shi a kasha Sao Naw Mong hkan wa gaw majan sum nna Sawbwa aya mung tat kau hkrum sai hte shi a hpyen la ni mung dumbru dunbra rai mat sai.(AD 1885) ning hta Sao Naw Mong Mandalay htawng na Thibaw Hkawhkam wa rim da ai kaw na bai lawt pru wa ai hpang shaning e hpyen n-gun bai mahkawng la nna, Hkun Hsang Tun Hong up nga ai shara Lashio hpe wa htim gasat u ai raitim, Hkun Hsang Ton Hong hte Wunpawng hpyen la ni hpe n lu shingtaw ai majaw, sum ai hte Namdong Nanang kaw npawt jahkrat da ai hpyen dap hpe du hkra hpang shaning jang sa gasat hpya kau hkrum sai hte Sao Naw Mong gaw masa n htuk sai majaw Laihka Mingnai ga de hprawng htingnut mat wa sai lam chye lu ai.

(AD 1887) ning hta Britisha ni lahta Sam mung de du shang wa ai shaloi, Sao Naw Mong gaw Britisha ni hpe shi a Sawbwa Hkaw bai lu la na matu hpyi lajin ai majaw, Mingyai hpe npawt shatai let shi a Sawbwa aya bai lu gaw sharawt la sai. Dai majaw Sinli mung gaw Mingyai hpe npawt shatai nna, Sao Naw Mong up ai dingda Sinli mung (South Hsinwe State) hte Sinli hpe npawt shatai nna Hkun Hsang Ton Hong wa up ai dingdung Sinli mung (North Hsinwe State) nga nna, mung lahkawng byin mat wa sai. Hkun Hsang Ton Hong wa hpe Sawbwa byin hkra Wunpawng Sha ni hpyen karum gasat lawm ai majaw, majan ngut ai hpang Wunpawng bumdu ni hpe kumhpaw kumhpa law law hte shagrau sha-a ai lam lu la sai. “Hkun” ngu ngu ai Sam du mying ni jaw nna, nebyeng, myutsa aya law law sharawt ya ai lam chye lu ai. Sinli mung hte Mingyai mung lamu ga jarit mayan yawng ngu na daram Wunpawng bumdu ni shimlam la ai hku nna, shara la buga ninghtawn ni de rai shanu ngapra nga ga ai gaw daini prat du hkra dai mare buga ni naw nga nga ai hpe mu lu ai.

Dai hpang Wunpawng sha ni a karum shingtau makawp maga la nna, Sinli mung hpe bai gaw sharawt lu ai Sinli mung Sawbwa wa Hkun Hsang Ton Hong gaw; shi sawbwa byin ai (13) ning aten hta, Wunpawng Sha ni a chyeju hpe malap mali rai galaw wa nna, n tara ai ahkun hkanse hta, dip up wa ai lam amyu myu nga wa ai majaw, nhtoi (12.12.1891) hta Nati duwa Zahkung Gum Ja woi awn ai Wunpawng hpyen hpung ni gaw Sinli Hkaw hpe sa htim gasat hpra kau sai. Sawbwa wa mung Lashio de English ni kaw hprawng machyu mat wa sai. Hpang e Britisha asuya Lashio Ayebyeng wa e bai htingram ya ai majaw, Sinli ga na Wunpawng Sha ni shanu nga ai lamu ga ni hpe Sam Sawbwa uphkang ai npu kaw n tawn sai sha, Kachin Hills Tract Regulation (Jinghpaw Bumga uphkang lam) de bang shalawm nna, Wunpawng bumdu, mungdu ni hpe nebyeng aya dang ya nna, tinang a shara hta bai matut uphkang shangun sai.

Ndai lam gaw Sinli mung hpe Wunpawng sha ni zing kau sai lam rai nga ai. N dai majan dang ai majaw Sinli ga hta Kachin Sub-State byin pru wa na ningpawt ninghpang rai sai. Britisha prat hta Mungmyit Sinli ga na Wunpawng Sha ni gaw kanu Jinghpaw mungdaw hte rau Britisha asuya hte Wunpawng bumdu ni woi awn uphkang ai Jnghpaw Bumga Uphkang lam n pu kaw jarit madin n nga ai rau sha nga lai wa sai. Munghpawm Myanmar mungdan gawgap wa ai shaloi, Wunpawng Sha ni gaw Jinghpaw mungdaw masat ai hta, Britisha uphkang ten na Jinghpaw Bumga Uphkang Lam (Kachin Hills Tract Regulation ) kaw lawm ai lamuga ni rai nga ai, Myitkyina ginwang, Manmaw ginwang, Mungmyit Sinli ginwang ndai ginwang masum lawm na matu ra sharawng ai hte shakut shaja lai wa sai. Raitim Myen mung lamuga jarit Bumga uphkang ai Du (director of frontier Areas) Mr.Stevenson wa gaw, dai hku rai jang Jinghpaw mungdaw pa layang na Myen-Sam amyu ni mung state hpyi wa na masa pru ai nga wa tsun chyinglau dingbai kau ya ai majaw, Mungmyit Sinli ga gaw Jinghpaw mungdaw ngu masat ai hta n lawm mat wa ai lam chye lu ai. Dai majaw Mungmyit Sinli ga na Wunpawng Sha ni gaw Shan State hta Kachin Sub-State masat ya na matu Sinli Sawbwa hte Mungmyit Sawbwa yan kaw  hpyi shawn sai hte maren, Tonggyi kaw npawt tawn ai Sam Sawbwa Council kaw bai matut bawngban shagrin nna, tara shang masat ya sai lam chye lu ai.

Kachin Sub-State ngu masat da sai lamu ga ni gaw Sinli ga hta Jinghpaw bumdu up nebyeng mungdu ga (49) hpe Kutkai Kachin Sub-State ngu shamying daidaw nna, nhtoi (9.12.1947) hta Sinli Sawbwa Sao Hkun Pha hte Jinghpaw du salang ni myit hkrum ta masat jawm ka nna masat shagrin da sai. Mungmyit Kodong ga hta mung Jinghpaw bumdu up nebyeng mungdu ga (12) hpe Mungmyit Kodong Kachin Sub-State ngu shamying daidaw nna Mungmyit Sawbwa wa hte Jinghpaw du salang ni shada myit hkrum nna jawm masat da sai. Dai rai nna,Mungmyit Sinli ga hta Wunpawng Sha ni law malawng shanu nga ai Jinghpaw bumdu up nebyeng mungdu ga (61) hpe Sam mung hta Kachin Sub-State lamu ga ngu Sam du ni hte shada myit hkrum nna masat da sai lam chye lu ai.

Mungmyit Sinli ga hta Kachin Sub-State ngu masat da lu sai hpang, Munghpawm Myanmar mung jawm gaw de ai hta Sam mungdaw hte rau Panglung Zuphpawng hta shawnglawm nna, Munghpawm Myanmar Mungdan hta shanglawm wa sai hte maren, Myen mung shanglawt lu ai hpang Kachin Sub-State ginra hpe (1947-1962) ning du hkra Sinli ga hta Kutkai kaw npawt tawn ai Kutkai Kachin Sub-State Council kaw nna woi awn uphkang lai wa sai. Mungmyit Kodong ga hta mung Mantone kaw npawt tawn nna Jinghpaw ginra ni hpe Jinghpaw du salang ni woi awn uphkang lai wa sai. (1962) Myanmar mung hpe Gumlau Council lung wa sai hte Mungdan ting hpe ahkaw ahkang zing magra up wa sai majaw, Sam mung na Kachin Sub-State uphkang Council hpe mung dawm kau ya lai wa sai gaw dai ni du hkra rai nga mali ai.

Wunpawng Sha ni gaw (1947) ning hta Britisha colony prat kaw nna, jet ai munghpawm mungdan jawm gaw de na matu Sam, Hkang amyu ni hte rau Myen Munghpawm mungdan hta Panglung ga shaka laika hte maren shanglawm wa sai. Raitim tinang myit mada ai jet ai munghpawm uphkang lam hte jet ai madu uphkang mungdaw ahkaw ahkang n lu la ai majaw (1961) ning kaw nna, tsep kawp awmdawm shanglawt mungdan gasat la na matu laknak lang rawt malan sa wa sai. Rawt malan majan n hpan kata shaning (30) ning jan ru yak jamjau ai lam amyu myu asak sai salu salat law law arang bang lai wa sai. (1990) ning jan hta simsa lam bai bawngban lu ai majaw majan hpe jasim da lu sai hte mung masa bawngban ai lam de bai shakut sa wa sai hpe mu lu ai.

Lahta Sam mung, Mungmyit Sinli ga (sh) Kachin SubState Wunpawng myusha labau ahkyak daw ni hpe No.I lang na “Ram Padang Journal” hta moi ginru ginsa yu hkrat wa ai shani kaw nna Kachin Sub-State byin pru wa ai kaw du hkra na anhte a jiwoi jiwa ni gara hku shakut shaja lai wa sai lam ni a ahkyak ai labau daw mabyin ni hpe tam sawk ka madun lai wa sai. Ndai lang matut nna “Kutkai Kachin Sub-State Council” du salang komiti ni woi awn galaw gunhpai lai wa sai magam bungli nkau mi hpe bai tam sawk ka madun dat ai.

1. Mungmyit Sinli ga na amyu Wunpawng sha ni gaw Japan majan ngut mat wa ai hpang (1945) February shata praw kaw nna, Tamungnye mare kaw mare buga shagu de na Nebyeng du salang ni, mung shawa myitsu ni hpe shaga kahkyin let, du salang zuphpawng alang lang hpawng nna, Mungmyit Sinli ga hta amyu Wunpawng sha ni ban prat shagu asak sai salu salat law law hpe ap nawng shakut shaja htam lai wa yu sai lam ni hpe bai myit sawn sumru yu let, daini na aten hta anhte mung labau nga ai hte maren, ram ging ai ahkaw ahkang gaw masat daidaw da ra sai nga nna, Sinli, Mungmyit, Kodawng, Loilung hte Tawngbeng ga na Wunpawng sha ni law nga ai shara ni hpe kahkyin la nhtawm, Jinghpaw Wunpawng State masat ya na matu myithkrum dawdan sai hte “Sinli Mungmyit Du salang Council” hpung hpe mung shangai daidaw dat sai.

2. Shawng ningnan na Sinli Mungmyit Du salang Council hpung a mu lamang jum ai ni gaw;-

(1) Howa duwa Maran Hkun Hpung - Ningbaw
(2) Sara kaba Ebbyu - Ningtau Ningbaw
(3) Kapna duwa Lahpai Zau Lawn - Amu madu
(4) Sara Kaaba Zau Yaw(Kutkai) - Ningtau Amu madu
(5) Duwa Maran Naw Seng (Namhkyek)-Bawng manang
(6) Duwa Zau Tang (Munggu) - Bawng manang
(7) Duwa Lum Hkawng (Nahkyem) - Bawng manang
(8) Duwa Hkun Seng (Mungmaw) - Bawng manang
(9) Salang Lashi Gam (Namhkyek) - Bawng manang
(10) Subeda Zau Bawk - Bawng manang
(11) Myo Ok Tu Lum - Bawng manang
(12) Tawng Ok Zau La - Bawng manang
(13) Tawng Ok Kareng Hkam - Bawng Manang
(14) Myo Ok Tang Gun - Bawng manang ni rai ma ai.

3. Ndai Sinli Mungmyit Du salang Council hpung kaw nna woi awn let Sinli Mungmyit ga hta Wunpawng sha ni a dailup dai hpang mungdaw lamu ga labau nga ai hte maren masat da lu na matu nhtoi (3.3.1945) ya shani hta C.A.S (B) (Civil Affair Service,Burma) rung de du salang marai (25) ta masat ka nna, laika shawn sai. Dai hpang nhtoi (1.6.1945) ya shani kalang mi bai du salang marai (45) ta masat ka nna bai kahtap tang shawn sai.Shingrai nhtoi (4.7.1945) ya shani du salang komiti zuphpawng kalang bai galaw nna nhtoi (13.7.1945) shani Sinli Hall de dingtawng sa nna, Sinli mung na Wunpawng sha ni hpe Zawbwa uphkang ai kaw na jahka na lam tsun tangshawn sai.Shaloi Sinli Zawbwa wa mung myit yu nna “English atsuya ni mung uphkang ai lam garai n lajang ai aten hta, Sinli mung na Wunpawng sha ni hpe Shi Zawbwa wa uphkang ai kaw na shalawt dat ni ai” nga ai laika hpe Shi hkum nan ta masat ka nna jaw dat sai. Ndai gaw anhte a jiwoi jiwa ni shakut shaja lai wa sai hte mi moi kaw nna labau nga ai a majaw bai masat shangrin hkat ai labau shang malap kau n mai ai lam ni rai nga ai.

4. (1946) January (16) ya hta Wunpawng sha ni gaw Myitkyina ginwang, Manmaw ginwang hte Mungmyit Sinli ga ni hpe Kata kaw nna, Kachin State masat ya na matu English atsuya kaw laika shawn ai shaloi; Mr.Stevenson (Director of frontier area) wa gaw; “Nanhte Sam mung na Wunpawng sha ni State hpyi jang Myitkyina, Manmaw ga pa layang na Myen Sam ni mung State hpyi wa na ma ai, shaloi Kachin State lajang ai hta pa layang daw n lawm wa na re, dai majaw Sam mung de na Kachin ni Sam du ni hte rau naw pawng kanawn nga na mai ai lam” tsun hpaji jaw ai hpe Sinli Mungmyit ga na Wunpawng du ni gaw hkap la ai hte Sinli Mungmyit ga hta Kachin Sub-State masat da na matu Sinli du wa hte myit hkrum ai hte nhtoi (9.12.1947) ya shani ga sadi laika hpe jawm ka da sai.Ndai gaw Kachin Sub-State byin pru wa ai lam rai sai.Mi moi kaw nna Sam hte Jinghpaw gaw shada n sa dip up sha hkat ai sha, kadai mung kade a shara hta tinang lahpan tinang tsap madu uphkang ai lam labau nga ai hte maren bai masat shagrin hkat ai lam rai nga mali ai.

5. Dai rai nna Kachin Sub-State gaw Munghpawm Myanmar mungdan shanglawt la ai ten (4.1.1948) ya shani hta, Sam mungdaw hte rau Sam mungdaw kata na Jinghpaw Wunpawng laksan madu uphkang mungdaw kaji hku nna Munghpawm Myanmar mungdan hta shanglawm wa sai. Ndai kaw bai sanglang ga nga yang; Kachin Sub-State Wunpawng ginra gaw mi moi English rai n du ai shawng shawng kaw nna, kade npu kaw mung taw ai lam n nga ai sha tinang madu uphkang ai Wunpawng mung du ga ni rai nga ga ai hpe aten masa hta hkan nna Sam mungdaw hte ginrun let rau Munghpawm Myanmar mungdan hta shanglawm wa ai rai nga mali ai.

6. Kachin Sub-State byin pru wa ai (9.12.1947) shani kaw nna Kachin Sub-State Council hpung gaw Sam mung nga Wunpawng sha ni hpe lam shagu hta woi awn uphkang jumtek lai wa ai gaw (1962) ning Ma.Sa.La Myen hpyen gumlau Council ni Munghpawm Myanmar mungdan ting hpe ahkang aya zing magra up kau ai shani du hkra rai nga mali ai.(1947-1962) ning laman Munghpawm rapdaw hte Sam mungdaw atsuya hta shanglawm ai, Kachin Sub-State a gawng malai parliament kasa hpe lawu de mying lawm ai ni gunhpai lai wa sai hpe mu lu ai.Dai ni gaw;-
(1) Slg.Lashi Gam hte Dingga Duwa Zau Ba (1947-1951)
(2) Duwa M.Zau La (1951-1956-57)
(3) Duwa Luksing Zau Lat (1958-1960) Hpyen uphkang ai ten
(4) Duwa Luksing Zau Lat (1960-1962) ni hpe lata shalun san lai wa masai.

7. Kutkai Kachin Sub-State hta lawm ai mare ninghtawn ni gaw -

(1) Kapna Wandin
(2) Munggu
(3) Hpawngseng
(4) Mungbaw
(5) Mungya
(6) Namhkyek
(7) Howa
(9) Manghang (Bumsan)
(10) Namkang Lung
(11) Kyinghung
(12) Munghawm
(13) Huhpyet
(14) Namtawng
(15) Mungli
(16) Dima
(17) Ninglum
(18) Ura Bum
(19) Banggai
(20) Hubren
(21) Mungji
(22) Namjawn
(23) Wohkyung
(24) Pying-ye
(25) Munghtam
(26) Lungwai
(27) Pangnoi
(28) Mungwun
(29) Nati
(30) Gangming
(31) Kunlung (sinna)
(32) Loikang
(33) Nanoi
(34) Namhpalum
(35) Kawnglim
(36) Zaubung Namhpaka
(37) Pyinghoi
(38) Galeng (loi)
(39) Galeng Kungsa
(40) Ganhtang
(41) Pangkut (loi)
(42) Pangkut (K)
(43) Mung-yu Laipau
(44) Humaw
(45) Nawnglung nebyeng mare buga ninghtawn ni rai nga ai.
(46) Lahta ZauBung. Hutau ( Namtau )

8. Kutkai Kachin Sub-State uphkang hkrang hta, Kutkai mare kaw ginjaw tawn nhtawm, ginwang ginjaw (5) bai karan nna uphkang ai hpe mu lu ai. Dai ni gaw;-
(1) Kutkai ginwang kahtawng mare ginjaw
(2) Namhpaka ginwang kahtawng mare ginjaw
(3) Mungbaw ginwang kahtawng mare ginjaw
(4) Mungji ginwang kahtawng mare ginjaw
(5) Gangming ginwang kahtawng mare ginjaw ni rai nga ai.

9. (1947-1962) ning laman Kachin Sub-State Du salang Council kaw nna woi-awn galaw gunhpai lai wa sai labau shang ai magam bungli nkau mi ni gaw;-

(i) Kachin Sub-State byin pru wa hkra woi-awn shakut shaja sai.
(ii) Kachin State (Jinghpaw Wunpawng mungdaw) hpyi ai lam hta n-gun dat lawm lai wa sai.
(iii) (12.2.1947) ya Panglung Agreement hta Howa duwa Hkun Hpung hte Kapna duwa ZauLawn yan shanglawm lai wa masai.
(iv) (28.8.1949) Duwa Naw Seng gumlau hpyen hpung ni hte Jinghpaw dap ni shada da dudaw sai hkaw lam n byin hkra htingram htingrat karum lam tam ya sai.
(v) (1950-1952) ning ten hta Kachin Sub-State de tawt lai shang wa ai KMT Miwa hpraw hpyen ni hpe mare ninghtawn shagu Village Defence Force (VDF) woi hpaw nna makawp maga gasat shaden kau lai wa sai.
(vi) Britisha prat Manghang majan ngut ai hpang Sam ni a lata de English wa jaw kau ai Muse-Jelan pa na Jinghpaw ni a hkauna lung (80) hpe Jinghpaw ni bai lu la hkra bai hpyi ya sai.
(vii) Jinghpaw Sut Hpaga Hpung (Kachin Trading Company) hpaw nna woi-awn lai wa sai.

10. Kachin Sub-State Du salang Council gaw (24.4.1959) ten Sam Zawbwa ni hpe ahkaw ahkang dawm kau shangun nna matsan dum kumhpa jaw ai hpe Sam Zawbwa ni gaw hkap la ma ai raitim Kachin Sub-State Wunpawng du salang ni gaw n la ma ai hpe mu lu ai.(1947-1962) ning du hkra shaning (15) ning laman tinang lu ai ahkaw ahkang hpe lang nna shawang tsaw ra myit dam lada ai hte mung shawa a akyu ara lam ni hpe mai byin dangdi dangdep lu ai daram woi awn pawn ba lai wa sai.(1962) ning Myen hpyen Ma,Sa.La atsuya ni Munghpawm Myanmar Mungdan ting hpe ahkaw ahkang zing magra uphkang kau ai shani kaw nna Kachin Sub-State hte Kachin Sub-State Council hpe mung dawm kau ya ai hte ahkaw ahkang mung pat kau ya ai gaw dai ni du hkra rai nga ai. Daini anhte tinang a sum machyi taw nga ai myusha ahkaw hkang hte dawhten nga ai labau hkringhtawng ni hpe bai gaw shachyaw sa wa na dai ni na amyusha ni yawng a lit rai nga ga ai hte maren myitmang langai hte jawm shakut sa wa ra saga ai law.

Source; Ram Padang Journal