MYENMUNG SHANGLAWT LU AI HPANG BYIN AI MANGHKANG NI

British gaw Myenmung hpe 1885 shaning kaw zing la ai hpang, Sam, Kachin, Chin ginra ni hpe matut zing la nna, yawng hpe gumhpawn ai hte Myenmung hpe “Burma” nga, nna shamying let uphkang wa sai. Myenmung Shanglawt lu mahka Gen. Aung San hpe Myen ni shada mayun sat kau wa masai. Dai hpang grupyin a masa hta hkan nna, 1948 January 4 ya shani shanglawt lu wa ai hpang U Nu gaw Hkringmang Daju byin wa sai. Dai shaning jang, Mon, Kayah, Pa-O, Kayin ni gaw, langai a hpang langai Myen hpe n kam ai majaw rawtmalan hpang wa masai. Dai hpang matut nna kaga myusha ni mung, langai a hpang langai rawtmalan hpang wa masai.

Raitimung, Ne Win a myit kaw, myit katu kahpra ai shing-ran madun ai lam n nga timung, 1961 February 5 ya shani Kachin Myusha ni rawtmalan hpang sai, nga ai shiga na dat ai hte, Ne Win gaw nachying myit kahpra mat nna, Myenmung hpe shi nan uphkang nhtawm, rawtmalan hpung ni hpe tsepkawp shamyit kau na matu mahkrun tam wa ai rai yang, aten laning mi na ai shaloi 1962 March 2 ya shani U Nu kaw na daru magan zing la sai. 1970 May 25 ya shani rawtmalan hpung ni hte U Nu pawng hpawm ai n-gun hte, “National United Liberation Front” ngu ai uhpung hpe hpaw shabawn nhtawm, Ne Win shadip magam hpe gasat dang la na matu shakut wa masai. Raitimung, kade rai nna ai laman, U Nu gaw Ne Win hpe asum sa jaw sai. Myenmung kaw simsa lam tam ai hta, rawtmalan hpung ni gaw 1976 May 10 ya shani Myen hpyen shadip magam (BSPP) hte hkrum bawngban wa sai, raitimung hkrum bawng shagu ndum shami tai wa maga de chyu amyat shu la lu ai hpe mu wa sai. 1988 ning hta mungdan kata kaw na manghkang hta hkan nna hte maigan kaw na diprip wa ai hta hkan nna, Ne Win yan San Yu gaw 1988 July 23 ya shani mungdan ningbaw ningla shara kaw na hkringsa mat ai hpang, Sein Lwin gaw BSPP a ningbaw tai wa timung, 1988 August 9 Sein Lwin yu mat nna, Dr. Maung Maung gaw President bai tai lung wa sai.

Aung San Suu Kyi gaw, 1988 September 18 ya shani masha wunawng uwa a man kaw mungga htawn ai hta hkan nna, Gen. Saw Mawng gaw, 1974 ning na constitution hpe dawm kau nhtawm, “State Law and Order Restoration Council” (SLORC) ngu ai hpyendap n-gun hpe magra lang let daru magam zing la sai. Shing-re ai hta hkan nna, 1988 September 24 ya shani pro-democracy hpung ni National League for Democracy (NLD) hpe Ex-Gen. Aung Gyi gaw Chairman, Ex-Gen. Tin Oo gaw Vice Chairman, Aung San Suu Kyi gaw General Secretary lit la wa masai. Dai hpang Aung Gyi hkring sa mat nna, Tin Oo gaw dai shara kaw galai la ai.1989 July 20 ya shani Aung San Suu Kyi hte Tin Oo hpe rim kau masai. Mungkan ting na mungdan ni hte EU, UN, ASEAN zawn re ai ni mara jawm jaw timung, SLORC hpe kaning re ahkyak mung n la ya lu ma ai. 1990 May 27 ya shani raq lata poi galaw ai, raitim Suu Kyi hpe shang shingjawng na ahkang n jaw ma ai. NLD party gaw Sindan Pa (vote) 485 kaw na 392 dang la wa masai.

Raitimung, NLD hpe mungdan uphkang na ahkaw ahkang n jaw ma ai hta n-ga, kadai hpe mung mungmasa ahkaw ahkang n jaw ma ai. Shawng de Myenmung gaw sinpraw dingda shangwang (Southeast Asia) kaw lu su ai mungdan byin tai wa yu timung, ndai ten hta gaw mungkan kaw matsan htum ai mungdan de gale mat wa sai. Lai wa sai ten hta Myenmung hpe, “BURMA” ngu shamying wa ai hpe 1997 ning kaw “MYANMAR” nga nna galai shamying la wa masai. 1993 January 9 ya shani shawng nnan na lang National Convention (2008) constitution hpe ka hpang wa ai kaw NLD kasa latsa jan hte kaga party kasa ni mung sa lawm shajang ai rai yang, 2 ya sha galaw nna bai hkring mat nna, 1993 February 1 ya shani bai hpang re ai hta hkan nna NLD kasa ni gaw myit n lawm ai lam amyu myu byin wa ai manghkang ni hte hkrum katut wa sai. 2004 May 17 ya shani lahkawng lang ngu na NC bai hpang ai raitim, boycott bai galaw ai hpang, bai hkring, bai hpang re ai masa hta hkan nna myit n lawm mat ai lam grau kaba wa ai. Dai hpang 3rd, 4th lang a hpang kaw nna gaw, masha marai 54 sha ngam mat wa sai rai nna boycott hte ginchyum dat ai kaw du mat sai.

Gen. Khin Nyunt gaw, laklai nna ram ai hte maren 2003 October 25 shani Prime Minister byin wa sai. Raitimung 2004 October 18 shani, shi hte shi a Military Intelligence masha yawng hpe rim la kau nna, Gen. Khin Nyunt a shara kaw Gen. Soe Win lit la wa sai. Kaja sha nga yang, “Asia Pacific League for Freedom, and Democracy (APLFD) zuphpawng ni hta sa du lawm ai kasa kadai raitimung, seng ang ai mungdan a lam chye mayu nna san ai lam nga wa yang, sanglang dan na matu lit nga ai. Shingrai Myenmung hte seng ai lam san wa ai hpe sanglang dan na matu tinang hta lit nga ai hte maren, Vancouver kaw galaw ai 48th APLFD zuphpawng kaw Myenmung hte seng nna san wa ai ga san ni hpe lahta kaw mu ai hte maren sanglang dan wa sai. Nu Wa, Hpu Nau shada a man kaw ndai laika hku dai ni na grup-yin a masa hta hkan nna Myen jinghku ni hte kanawn sa ai kaw sadi sahka ai hte kanawn sa lu mu ga matu yawshada let Hparat Panglai Magazine kaw mu hti lawm na matu yawshada let jinghku ni a hkam la ai lam hte seng nna dinglik maram lu na matu maumwi dingsa lam ka dat nngai law.

JJ Lum Dau (Ph. D)