Jinghpaw Mungdaw Masat Nhtoi Byin Wa Ai Lam

Jinghpaw Mung (Kachin State) ngu nna mungkan e labau shang, tara shang daidaw masat, amying shingteng shamying dat lu ai gaw 1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya shani rai nga ai. Jinghpaw ni gara aten kaw nna, dai ni na Jinghpaw Mung e du nga sai hpe labau ka sara ni langai hte langai mu tam sawk sagawn ai lam n bung ma ai raitim, byin mai ai lam langai mi gaw AD 1700 hpang daw kaw nna gaw Jinghpaw ni Jinghpaw Mung e atsawm sha shanu nga lai wa na sai ngu sawn la mai ai; hpa majaw nga yang AD 1700 a shawngdaw de daini na Jinghpaw Mung kaw e Sam hpunau ni n-gun ja taw ai majaw Jinghpaw ni garai n du shang wa lu shi na re ngu sawn la ai majaw re.

Jinghpaw Mung e Jinghpaw ni hpe shawng ningnan myi hte chyaw sa mu ai maigan masha gaw, Eugenio Kincaid ngu ai American Baptist sasana sara wa re ngu mu lu ai. Rev. Eugenio Kincaid gaw 1837 hta Manmaw hte Mogawng lamuga hkan du lung wa yu nna shi a lata hte ka ai laika hku nna maigan masha ni, Jinghpaw ni hpe Kachin masha ni ngu chye hpang wa ai hte mungkan labau hta Jinghpaw ni hpe Kachin ni ngu masat lai wa sai. Jinghpaw ni gaw shanhte hkrai shanhte shada uphkang nna nga lai wa sai lam hpe labau laika ni hta mu lu nga ai.

Kaga amyu ni a uphkang ai npu de du mat wa ai gaw English-Myanmar majan ni (1824, 1852, 1885) ngut ai hpang, 4 ning na ai hpang, 1891 hta, dai aten e Burma ngu ai lawu Myen Mung ga Rangoon e rung jung ai English colony ni Jinghpaw Mung hpe wa madu la kau nna Burma colony hta bang la kau ai aten kaw nna rai nga ai.

Shaning 57 ning Jinghpaw Mung hpe English ni uphkang ai ngu tsun mai tim, English ni direct uphkang ai lam n re ngu mung mai tsun ai; hpa majaw nga yang, “The Kachin Hill Tribes Regulations 1895”, “Jinghpaw amyu uphkang upadi 1895” ngu ai upadi hpe yu yu yang, Myitkyina Ginwang, Manmaw Ginwang, Ayebeng, Bum Du, Shanhpraw Du ngu san tawn ai lam nga tim, kaja wa Jinghpaw ni hpe uphkang ai gaw Bum Du (shing n rai) taung-ok ngu ai Jinghpaw Duwa hpe lit jaw nna, Mung Du, Agyi, Salang ni hte Jinghpaw htung lailen hte maren sha she jeyang dawdan ai lam ni nga lai wa sai hpe mu lu mai nga ai. Manmaw Ginwang e, Sinlum Bum Du hte Shwegu Bum Du dung ai shara tawn da lai wa sai lam chye lu ai. Myitkyina Ginwang e gaw, Mogawng, Kamai, Sumprabum, Lauhkang, Sadung hte Putao ginwang kaji ni bai garan tawn lai wa masai.

“The Kachin Customary Law” ngu ai Jinghpaw upadi hte Jinghpaw shada da byin ai amu ni yawng hpe tara jeyang ai gaw, prat hte prat nga lai wa sai. English asuya prat hta raitim, moi Jinghpaw shada da uphkang ai aten na hte maren sha galaw lai wa sai lam chye lu ai.

English asuya lakhtak hta e, 1924 ning December shata 29 ya shani, Sara Kaba Lahpai Zau Tu woi awn ningbaw tai ya ai hte, Manmaw Ginwang Du Salang 30, Myitkyina Ginwang Du Salang 26, lekmat dip nna Jinghpaw amyu ni hpe mungmasa lam hta uphkang lam ahkaw ahkang hpyi ai laika hpe Yangon kaw rung jung ai English governor Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler (02.01.1923 - 20.12.1927) hpang de tang shawn lai wa ga sai.

Dai hpang Jinghpaw Du Salang ni Yangon de du hkra sa nhtawm governor wa hte 1925 ning January shata 5 ya shani rung shang hkrum nna ahkaw ahkang hpyi lai wa sai. Dai hpang, 1935 ninghta gaw Hpaji Du Maran Robin woi ningbaw let, Jinghpaw Du Salang 23 gaw, Yangon de sanna, English governor Sir Hugh Landsdowne Stephenson (20.12.1932 - 08.05.1936) hpang de Jinghpaw ni hpe shanglawt jaw na lam hte English hpe ninghkap gasat ai lam mara dat ya na lam ni hpe hpyi shawn lai wa sai. Ndai lam ni hpe yu yang, Jinghpaw ni gaw mungmasa lam hta su hprang nga ai lam hpe mu lu mai nga ai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni ndai zawn shanglawt ahkaw ahkang hpyi nga yang, 1939 shata praw 1 ya shani kaw nna Nambat Lahkawng Mungkan Majan kaba byin hpang wa sai hte, Europe e Germany ni hte English ni majan gasat hpang sai. December 7,1941 hta gaw Hawaii zunlawng, Pearl sanghpaw daru e, American hpyen sanghpaw kaba ni hte nbungli ni law law hpe fascist Japan nbungli ni akajawng sha bomb jahkrat gasat ya ai kaw nna, American ni mung mungkan majan hta shanglawm bang wa sai. Sinpraw mungdan hkan e mung Japan ni majan gasat dang bang wa sai hte Myanmar mungdan de mung December 11, 1941 hta shang bang wa sai hte March 7, 1942 hta gaw Myen Mung na English hpyendap ni mung, India de htingnut mat wa sai.

1942 hta Jinghpaw Mung e “Kachin Rangers” ngu ai hpyen hpung hpe American 101 ni hpaw tawn sai. 1943 hta Jinghpaw Mung e English ni a special hpyen hpung hku nna “Kachin Levies” ngu ai hpe hpaw hpang sai. Bum ga de na sinat lang ram ai la ni yawng shang gasat lawm ai Japan majan re.

1945 ning March shata praw de gaw, Kachin Rangers ni Jinghpaw Mung, Miwa Yunan mungdaw, Sam Mung Kyengtung du hkra gasat awngdang kau da sai. Dai majaw 1945 March shata 24-26 ya ni hta, Manmaw ginwang Sinlum Bum Du rung dung ai kaw majan dang ai padang manau kaba galaw lai wa sai. English hpyen du kaba ni, American hpyen dukaba ni law law du sa shang lawm lai wa sai. 

Japan hpyendap hta mying kaba dik ai hte ram dik ai hpyen hpung ni hpe gasat kau ya ai majaw, English hte American ni grai kabu let, mau pyi mau ma ai lam hpe myi hte chyaw mu ai kaji kawoi ni, prat hte prat tsun dan hkai dan nga ma ai. Mungkan majan ngut ai hpang, 1946 ning January shata hta Myitkyina Mare kaw, majan dang ai awng padang manau kaba galaw sai. Dai padang manau poi de, English governor wa Col.Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith (06.05.1941-31.08.1946) hte hpyen du kaba ni, American hpyen du kaba ni sa du lawm ma ai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw majan hta Allied Forced maga lawm let, Japan ni hpe gasat ai amyu ni hpe, majan dang ai shani shanglawt jaw na, ngu ai Atlantic Charter myit hkrum ga shaka hte maren, Jinghpaw ni hpe shanglawt jaw ya na lam hpyi shawn ai laika, governor wa a lata de tang madun sai lam chye lu ai. 1946 ning August shata praw 15 ya shani gaw Myitkyina Mare Manhkring laika sharin jawngwang e, English du Mr. Stevenson gaw Jinghpaw Du Salang ni hte Jinghpaw masha ni hpe kaga hpunau ni hte shanglawt arau nla na hku tsun lai wa sai raitim, dai aten hta Jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw English duwa a ga hpe n kam ai majaw n hkap la lai wa sai lam chye lu ai.

Dai aten hta English governor wa a mungbawng hpung hta makawp maga dap hkringmang rai nga ai General Aung San gaw, 1946 ning November 28 ya shani, Myitkyina de du lung wa nna, Jinghpaw Mung Du Salang ni law law hte hkrum shaga lai wa sai. Aung San gaw, Myen Mung ting shanglawt lu na matu, Myen, Sam, Jinghpaw, Hkang, Kayin, Kaya, Mon, Rahkaing yawng myit mang hkrum let jawm hpyi yang she lawan lu na lam tsun ai hpe Jinghpaw Du Salang ni mung myit hkawn lai wa sai.

1946 November 29 yashana de, 2nd Kachin Rifles Dap kata e Jinghpaw Du Salang 30 daram hte Bogyoke Aung San zuphpawng galaw ai hta Bogyoke Aung San tsun ai gaw majan kaba ngut ai hpang English ni gaw Myen ni hte Bum ga masha ni hpe ginhka nna galaw hkyen nga ai lam tsun nhtawm, ahtang asa rai nga na lam tsun shaleng dan ai nga ma ai.

1946 ning November 30 ya jahpawt 9am hta Bogyoke Aung San hte English hpyen du kaba ni hpe Jinghpaw ni gaw Manhkring mare e Jinghpaw htung hte maren manap shat hte hpap hkalum jaw nna, Jinghpaw nhpye hte n-gang nhtu kumhpa jahpye ya nna, shagrau sha-a hkalum ga tsun ma ai. Sarama Gawlu Lu, Sarama Nang Seng, Nhkum Bawk, Hkawn Raw, Ja Bawk, Nem Ra ni hte sumla kayat la ai hte Du Salang ni hte mung sumla dem hkra rai, hku hkau lam galaw lai wa sai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw “Jinghpaw ni hpe English Myo kata de n nga shangun ai, shanglawt lu jang mai nga na i?” ngu san jang Bogyoke Aung San gaw “shara shagu mai nga ai” nga nna Myitkyina Myoma lawk e Jinghpaw ni hpe nta htingra jaw dat ai majaw Jinghpaw Du Salang ni grau kam mat wa masai nga ma ai.

Bogyoke Aung San hte myit hkrum da sai hte maren, Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw mungdan shanglawt rau la na lam hte shanglawt lu ai hpang na lam ni hpe bawngban dawdan ai Panglung zuphpawng hta shang lawm bawngban myithkrum dawdan lai wa sai. Panglong myithkrum ga shaka laika hpe 1947 ning February shata praw 12 ya shani, Bogyoke Aung San hte du sa ai Du Salang ni yawng myithkrum shagrin da lu sai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni bawng jahkrup da lai wa sai lam ni gaw, Jinghpaw Mung shanglawt hpe kaga hpunau ni hte arau la na lam hte Jinghpaw Mung kaw Myitkyina Ginwang hte Manmaw Ginwang ni lawm na hku bawng jahkrup da lai wa sai re.

Panglung Zuphpawng hta shanglawm lai wa sai Jinghpaw Du Salang ni marai 12 re. Myitkyina Ginwang Kasa 8 hte Manmaw Ginwang Kasa 4 re.

I. Myitkyina Ginwang Kasa Marai 8

1. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng (Ningbaw)

2. Wabaw Zau Rip– Amu Madu, Myitkyina

3. Salang Dingra Tang– Putau

4. Duwa Htingnan Gum Ja– Sumpra Bum

5. Duwa Karing Naw– Sumpra Bum

6. Chyinghtawng Duwa Zau Naw – Sadon

7. Duwa Nding Tawng U – Hugawng

8. Sara Chang Zung– Lau Haung

II. Manmaw Ginwang Kasa Marai 4

1. Duwa Zau Lawn

2. Lawdan Duwa Zau La

3. Sara Maran La

4. Salang Labang Grawng

Panglung myithkrum ga shaka laika hta ta masat lekmat htu nna shagrin da lawm lai wa sai myitsu ni gaw lawu na hte maren re ai.

1. Bogyoke Aung San, Myen Mung asuya a malai

2. Sao Hkun Pan Saing, Tawng Peng Sawbwa

3. Sao Shwe Thike, Nyaung Shwe Sawbwa

4. Sao Hone Hpa, Sinli Sawbwa

5. Sao Nun, Laika Sawbwa

6. Sao Sam Htun, Mung Pawn Sawbwa

7. Sao Htun Aye, Nam Hkam

8. Duwa Hkun Hpung, Sinli Dat Kasa

9. U Tin Aye, Taunggyi Dat Kasa

10. U Kya Bu, Si Paw Dat Kasa

11. Sao Yit Hpa, Sipaw Dat Kasa

12. U Hkun Hti, Panglong Dat Kasa

13. U Tun Myint, Mawlamyai Dat Kasa

14. U Hkun Saw, Pindaya Dat Kasa

15. U Hpyu, Sinli Sawbwa a malai

16. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng, Jinghpaw Kasa

17. Duwa Zau Rip, Jinghpaw Kasa

18. Duwa Dingra Tang , Jinghpaw Dat Kasa

19. Duwa Zau Lawn, Jinghpaw Kasa

20. Lawdan Duwa Zau La, Jinghpaw Dat Kasa

21. Labang Grawng, Jinghpaw Dat Kasa

22. U Hlur Hmung, Hkang Dat Kasa

23. U Thang Za Khup, Hkang Dat Kasa

24. U Kio Mang, Hkang Dat Kasa

Panglung Zuphpawng ngut ai hpang, Mungbawng Rapdaw Zuphpawng hpe 1947 ning June shata praw 10 ya shani kaw nna, Rangoon Mare e hpawng hpang wa sai. Jinghpaw Du salang marai sanit mung shanglawm bawngban sai. Jinghpaw Mung dat kasa ni gaw lawu de na hte maren rai nga ai.

1. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng, Myitkyina

2. Duwa Zau Rip, Myitkyina

3. Salang Kumreng Gam, Myitkyina

4. Salang Marip Awng Ba, Myitkyina

5. Duwa Zau Lawn, Manmaw

6. Salang Ugyi Hting Nan, Manmaw

7. Salang Labang Grang, Manmaw

Mung ni gumhpawn nna shanglawt garai n lu yang, 1947 ning July shata 19 ya jahpawt hkying 10:30am daram hta Bogyoke Aung San hte shi hkringmang wunji manang marai 6 hpe, Galon U Saw a masha ni sa gap sat kau sai.

Bogyoke Aung San nnga mat ai hpang, 1948 ning January shata praw 4 ya jahpawt hkying 4 aten hta gaw English asuya kaw nna Burma Mung ninghtan mungdan, Union of Burma hpe awmdawm shanglawt jaw sai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni a shakut shaja ai lam ni a majaw, 1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya shani hta gaw “Jinghpaw Mung‟ ngu ai anhte a Mung hpe tara shang masat masa dai daw dat lu sai. Jinghpaw Mung Asuya a shawng ningnan na ningbaw ni gaw:

1. Jinghpaw Mung Ningbaw– Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng

2. Jinghpaw Mung Kongsi Ningbaw– Duwa Zau Rip

3. Jinghpaw Mung Sutgan Dap Hkringmang– Duwa Zau Lawn

4. Jinghpaw Mung Hpaji Dap Hkringmang– U Ba U

5. Jinghpaw Mung Hkailu Hkaisha hte Namkawn Dap Hkringmang – Thakhin Pyaut

1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya shani kaw nna dai ni du hkra ndai zawn rai Jinghpaw Mung hpe makawp maga ai myutsaw mungtsaw Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu masha ni yawng hte wuhpung wuhpawng ni yawng hpe mung anhte yawng gaw chyeju dum mai nga ai law.

Tinang a atsam dat, salu salat hte du daw sai hkaw hkam nna ladat amyu myu shaw let Jinghpaw Mung hpe makawp maga lai wa sai kaji kawa ni, labau laika buk hkan e mying n lawm tim lam amyu myu hku makawp maga lai wa sai kanu kawa, hpu nau ni yawng hpe hkungga jaw let, daini anhte nang ngai kadai mung Jinghpaw Mung hpe matut nna makawp maga nga ga law.

Hkungga Jaw Ai Lam (Acknowledgement)

Duwa Mahka Kam Htoi,

"Jinghpaw Mung Ngu Masat Daidaw Shamying Lu La Wa Ai Lam"

January 10, 2009, Myanmar Institute of Theology Jinghpaw jawngma ni saw shaga ai hkaw tsun hpawng hta hkaw tsun ai lam hpe mahta nna ndai labau kadun hpe ka da ai re. Labau ngu ai gaw hkum tsup ai n nga ai majaw, ra rawng ai lam hta hkawp myitsu wa a jahkum shatsup hpaji jaw ya ai lam hpe kabu gara chyeju dum let hkap tau hkalum la na nngai. Matut nna, ndai ka ngau gaw Jinghpaw Mung ngu tara shang masat daidaw la lu ai labau kadun sha re majaw, 1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya du hkra na labau kadun sha rai nga ai.

Laika Ka Ai: Rev. Marip La Rip (MIT)